Supranational+Organizations

Supranational Organizations

1.) OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)

- Mission : the mission of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry.

- Member Countries: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.

- Date of Formation : September 10th-14th, 1960.



= 2.) Freedom House =

-Date of Creation: 1941 (in New York City)

-Mission: Freedom House is an independent watchdog organization that supports the expansion of freedom around the world. Freedom House supports democratic change, monitors freedom, and advocates for democracy and human rights. We support nonviolent civic initiatives in societies where freedom is denied or under threat and we stand in opposition to ideas and forces that challenge the right of all people to be free. Freedom House functions as a catalyst for freedom, democracy and the rule of law through its analysis, advocacy and action.

3.) The World Bank

-Date of creation: 1944

-Mission/Purpose/Role: The World Bank’s mission is to provide a source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries. It is made up of two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Developmental Association (IDA). The IBRD seeks to reduce poverty levels in middle-income countries. The IDA focuses on the poorest countries in the world. The World Bank provides low-interest loans, interest-free credit, and grants to help developing countries progress in areas such as education and health care.

-Members: Membership of the IBRD includes 187 countries.



4.) International Monetary Fund

Date of creation: 1944

Mission/Purpose/Role: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was formed at the conclusion of World War II with the purpose of uniting countries economically to help prevent future war. Today, the IMF tracks the economic status of various member nations and warns them of impending problems. The organization provides financial advice, loans, and technical assistance to developing nations to help lift them from poverty. They focus all of their work around preventing future economic disaster and bringing developing countries into the 21st century.

Members: Membership of the IMF includes 187 countries.



5.) G8 (Group of 8) and G20

Date of Formation: November 1975 Members: France, US, UK, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy, Canada Mission: Leaders of major industrial democracies meet to discuss resolutions to political and economic issues facing both domestic and worldwide communities. Their summits deal with international trade, relations with developing countries, energy, and terrorism G20 Members: G8, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Korea, Turkey, EU

6.) COED

Date of Formation: September 30 1961 Member: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, and the US Mission: To provide a place where governments can share experiences and seek solutions to common problems. They work with governments to understand economic, social and environmental changes. They look at people’s lifestyles and what affects them, and track global trade and investment. Also, they compare school systems and how they are affecting the youth.

7). WTO
= = =**__Date of Creation:__** January 1st 1995= = = =**__Number of member countries__**: 153 countries from 23 July 2008= = = =**__Membership Process:__** 4 steps: Any state or customs territory having full autonomy in the conduct of its trade policies can join but must agree on the following terms= = = =1. “Tell us about yourself”: Government has to describe all aspects of its trade and economic policies which is submitted to the WTO and examined by the working party dealing with the country’s/government’s application= = = =2. “Work out w/ us individually what you have to offer”: WTO starts parallel bilateral talks with prospective member and individual countries. The talks cover a wide range of topics from tariff rates and market access commitments to policies’ on goods and services. The talks determine the benefits other WTO members will receive if the new member joins.= = = =3. “Let’s draft membership terms”: The working party finalizes the terms of accession. These terms appear in a report, a draft membership treaty (“protocol of accession”), and lists of the member-to-be’s commitments.= = = =4. “The Decision”: The final decision consists of the report, protocol and lists of commitments, and is presented to the WTO General Council or the Ministerial Conference. If a two-thirds majority of WTO members vote to accept the new member, the applicant is free to sign the protocol and join the organization. Sometimes the country’s own parliament/ legislature must ratify the agreement before membership is complete.= = = =**__Mission/Purpose/Role:__** The main role of the WTO is to act as a forum for trade negotiations. In addition, The WTO handles trade disputes, monitors national trade policies, provides technical assistance and training for developing countries, and retains cooperation with other international organizations. The primary purpose is to open trade for the benefit of all. The missions is to negotiate agreements that will reduce obstacles to international trade and ensure that every country/state/government is on the same equal level which will contribute to economic development and growth. All of the functions of the WTO are meant to contribute to sustainable development, raise people's welfare, reduce poverty, and foster peace and stability for its members.=

=**__Date of Creation:__** May 1993 (Germany)= =**__Mission/Purpose/Role:__** TI’s mission is to create change towards a world free of corruption. This supranational organization has a lead role in improving the lives of millions around the globe by building drive and awareness for the anti-corruption movement. Transparency International is a global network including more than 90 locally established national chapters and chapters-in-formation. These members tackle corruption in the national arena by bringing together key players from government, civil society, business and the media to promote transparency in elections, in public administration, in procurement and business. TI’s network members also use advocacy campaigns to lobby governments to implement anti-corruption reforms. Specifically, the corruption perceptions index is the most commonly used measure for corruption in countries worldwide. The CPI is a collective indicator that combines different sources of information about corruption, making it possible to compare countries. To create the CPI, business opinion surveys and other assessments are carried out by independent and reliable institutions.= = =
 * Transparency International – Corruption Perceptions Index **